Reports By Topic

The following reports provide additional information on many of the issues addressed in Domestic Violence: Explore the Issue. Although a number of the reports that are listed by institution also cover many of the topics listed below, they are not repeated here unless they deal exclusively with the topic in question.

Theories of Domestic Violence

Integration of the Human Rights of Women and the Gender Perspective: Cultural Practices in the Family that Are Violence Towards Women, Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy, submitted in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution 2001/49 (E/CN.4/2002/83), 31 January 2002. (Available in PDF and Word, 39 pages). The addendum to the Report of the Special Rapporteur (E/CN.4/2002/83/Add.1), 28 January 2002, contains country information on Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation, and Uzbekistan. (Available in PDF and Word, 41 pages).
The Special Rapporteur’s 2002 report documents cultural practices within the family (i.e., wife burning, honor killings, foot binding, son preference) that constitute violence against women, as well as the ideologies that perpetuate and render invisible these cultural practices. Many of these ideologies—such as the connection between masculinity and violence and the regulation of female sexuality—are also those that perpetuate domestic violence. The Special Rapporteur emphasizes that states “should not invoke any custom, tradition or religious consideration to avoid their obligation to eradicate violence against women and the girl child in the family.”

Further Promotion and Encouragement of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy, submitted in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/85 (United Nations E/CN.4/1996/53), 6 February 1996.
The Special Rapporteur discusses the problem of violence against women in the family, examines this violence as a violation of international human rights law, analyzes reports on state compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, discusses national and model legislation on domestic violence, and offers recommendations on ways to combat and remedy the consequences of violence within the family.

Violence Against Women: An Obstacle to Peace.
This report discusses the Beijing Conference, recent research on male violence, the Inter-American Development Bank Conference on Domestic Violence in Latin American and the Caribbean, and the Expert Group Meeting, “Male Roles and Masculinities in the Perspective of a Culture of Peace, organized by UNESCO.

Towards an Understanding of Women’s Use of Non-Lethal Violence in Intimate Heterosexual Relationships, Shamita Das Dasgupta, 2001.

Newsflash, Family Violence Prevention Fund.
Reports results of recent study that indicate that women who were physically or sexually abused as children may be more likely to be abused as adults.

Newsflash, Family Violence Prevention Fund.
Describes results of a study that indicates that many batterers become more controlled and calm as their aggression increases.

Introduction to Education Groups for Men Who Batter: The Duluth Model, Ellen Pence & Michael Paymar, 1993.
Describes the process through which the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project in Duluth developed a framework for describing and understanding the behavior of batterers and the genesis of the Power and Control Wheel.

Theory-Driven Explanations of Male Violence Against Female Partners: Literature Update and Related Implications for Treatment and Evaluation, Alison Cunningham et al., 1998. (PDF, 81 pages).
Analyzes theories of violence, their origin and foundations, advantages and limitations of each, and the implications of these theories for treatment and prevention strategies.

Taking Stock: What do we know about interpersonal violence?, Violence Research Programme, 2002. (PDF, 56 pages).
Comprehensive report covering the history, prevalence, scope and laws concerning interpersonal violence, including domestic violence (pages 20-21), in the United Kingdom.

An in-depth discussion of theories of domestic violence is available through Explore the Issue and Issue in Depth: Theories of Violence and Issue in Depth: Women's Use of Violence in Intimate Relationships.

Stalking

Stalking and Domestic Violence, Office of Justice Programs, 1998.
Chapter 2 of the report discusses the definition of stalking, the prevalence of stalking in the United States, the proportion of stalking that is perpetrated by male former intimate partners, the consequences of stalking, measures that can be taken to protect victims, and the relationship between stalking and other forms of violence.

The Efficacy of the California Stalking Law: Surveying Its Evolution, Extracting Insights from Domestic Violence Cases, Tatia Jordan, 1995.
Offers a summary of common stalking behaviors, an overview of the genesis of California’s stalking law, and a collection of recommendations concerning anti-stalking legislation.

Look Who’stalking: Seeking a Solution to the Problem of Stalking, Michael J. Allen, 1996.
Provides an overview of stalking legislation in the United Kingdom.

An in-depth discussion of stalking is available through Explore the Issue and Issue in Depth: Stalking.

Prevalence of Domestic Violence

Women 2000: An Investigation into the Status of Women’s Rights in Central and South-Eastern Europe and the Newly Independent States, The International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, 9 November 2000. (Available in PDF, 546 pages).
These collected individual reports on the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States often include statistics on the prevalence of intimate partner violence.

Domestic Violence Against Women and Girls, UNICEF, Innocenti Digest, vol. 6, 2000. (PDF, 30 pages).
Statistics on intimate partner violence worldwide and in a number of different individual countries are discussed at pages 4-6.

First World Report on Violence and Health, World Health Organization, 2002. (PDF, 372 pages; 54-page summary in PDF, press releases and fact sheets available).
Chapter 4 of the First World Report on Violence and Health provides an overview of the scope of intimate partner violence throughout the world (pages 90-91, table 1.4).

Ending Violence Against Women, Population Reports, Vol. 7, No. 4, December 1999.
Statistics on intimate partner violence throughout the world are discussed in Magnitude of the Problem and in attached statistical tables.

Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence, Patricia Tjaden & Nancy Thoennes, U.S. Department of Justice, 2000. (PDF, 62 pages).
Describes the prevalence of domestic violence in the United States.

An in-depth discussion of the prevalence of domestic violence is available through Explore the Issue and Issue in Depth: Prevalence of Domestic Violence.

Causes and Complicating Factors

Expanding Solutions for Domestic Violence and Poverty: What Battered Women with Abused Children Need from Their Advocates, Susan Schechter.

Substance Abuse and Woman Abuse by Male Partners, Larry W. Bennett, 1997.

An in-depth discussion of causes and complicating factors is available through Explore the Issue. Further discussion of the relationship between alcohol and domestic violence is available through Issue in Depth: Alcohol and Domestic Violence.

Effects of Domestic Violence

First World Report on Violence and Health, World Health Organization, 2002. (PDF, 372 pages; 54-page summary in PDF, press releases and fact sheets available).
Chapter 4 of the First World Report on Violence and Health (pages 87- 121) discusses the scope, dynamics, and health and economic consequences of intimate partner violence, responses to domestic violence (including support for victims, legal remedies, treatment for batterers, health service interventions, and coordinated community responses), and specific recommendations for responding to domestic violence (pages 111-113). The Report concludes with general recommendations for responses to violence at local, national and international levels (pages 241-254).

Reducing Intimate Partner Abuse: A Look at National, State, and Local Strategies for the Prevention of Domestic Violence, Barbara Johnson, 2002.
Discusses some of the primary and secondary health effects of domestic violence.

Problems Associated with Children’s Witnessing of Domestic Violence, Jeff Edleson, 1999. (PDF, 8 pages).

In Harm’s Way: Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment.

The Future of Children, Winter 1999. (PDF, 144 pages).
Journal issue dedicated entirely to articles on child exposure to domestic violence. Topics include strategies for addressing the harm to children from domestic violence, effects of domestic violence on children, children and the legal system, and overviews of intervention and service programs throughout the United States.

Child Witness to Domestic Violence, Kathryn Conroy, 1994.

An in-depth discussion of the effects of domestic violence is available through Explore the Issue and Issue in Depth: Health Effects of Domestic Violence and Issue in Depth: Effects of Domestic Violence on Children.

Coordinated Community Responses

A Coordinated Approach to Reducing Family Violence: Conference Highlights, National Institute of Justice, 1995. (PDF, 48 pages).

Coordinated Community Responses to Domestic Violence in Six Communities: Beyond the Justice System, Sandra J. Clark et al., 1996.

Evaluating Coordinated Community Responses to Domestic Violence, Melanie Shepard, 1999.

Reducing Domestic Violence... What Works? Multi-Agency Fora, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, January 2000. (PDF, 4 pages).
Provides recommendations for increasing the success of multi-agency coordinated responses in the United Kingdom..

New Challenges for the Battered Women’s Movement: Building Collaborations and Improving Public Policy for Poor Women, Susan Schechter, 1999.

An in-depth discussion of coordinated community responses is available through Explore the Issue and Issue in Depth: Coordinated Community Response and Issue in Depth: Principles of Intervention.

Coordinating with Healthcare Providers

Health Privacy Principles for Protecting Victims of Domestic Violence, Family Violence Prevention Fund, 2000.

Domestic Violence: A Resource Manual for Healthcare Professionals, Department of Health, March 2000. (Available in PDF, 87 pages).
Provides information, recommendations and strategies designed to help healthcare workers in the United Kingdom respond effectively to domestic violence.

Domestic Violence, Elaine J. Alpert & Cheryl L. Albright, Hippocrates, vol. 14, 2000.

Building Bridges Between Domestic Violence Advocates and Health Care Providers, Janet Nudelman & Helen Rodriguez Trias, 1999.

Violence Against Women: What Health Workers Can Do, World Health Organization. (PDF, 3 pages).

Preventing Domestic Violence: Clinical Guidelines on Routine Screening, 1999. (PDF, 28 pages).

Coding and Documentation of Domestic Violence, William J. Rudman, 2000.

Documenting Domestic Violence: How Health Care Providers Can Help Victims, Nancy E. Isaac & V. Pualani Enos, National Institute of Justice, September 2001, available in PDF (6 pages) and text formats.

A Health Response: Working in a Wider Partnership, Department of Health, March 2000. (PDF, 62 pages).
Documentation of a conference on healthcare and domestic violence in the United Kingdom. Participants discussed ways in which coordination between healthcare workers and other agencies could be improved.

Ending Violence Against Women, Population Reports, Vol. 7, No. 4, December 1999.
Discusses ways in which healthcare providers can combat domestic violence.

Gender-Based Violence: An Impediment to Sexual and Reproductive Health, Kira Jensen & Naana Otoo-Oyortey, International Planned Parenthood Federation Members’ Assembly, Prague, The Czech Republic, 29 November 1998.
Discusses presentations given on different strategies that have been used around the world to integrate gender-based violence concerns into sexual and reproductive healthcare services.

Reducing Domestic Violence... What Works? Health Services, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, January 2000. (PDF, 4 pages).

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Describes the steps that can be taken to evaluate hospital-based domestic violence programs.

An in-depth discussion of coordinating with healthcare providers is available through Explore the Issue and Issue in Depth: Health Care Providers and Forensic Medical Institutes.

Coordinating with Child Welfare Advocates

Effective Intervention in Domestic Violence & Child Maltreatment Cases: Guidelines for Policy and Practice, National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges, 1999. (PDF, 134 pages). An executive summary of the report is available in HTML format.

Domestic Violence, Child Abuse, and Youth Violence: Strategies for Prevention and Early Intervention, Janet Carter.
Discuses the correlation between child and spousal abuse, and the effects of domestic violence on children. Suggests collaboration between community agencies to reduce the social and economic risk factors for domestic abuse and child abuse and outlines the components of such a collaboration.

Identifying Domestic Violence in Child Abuse and Neglect Investigations, Randy H. Magen et al., 1994.

Domestic Violence in Child Welfare Preventative Services: Results from an Intake Screening Questionnaire, Randy H. Magen et al., 1997.

Reducing Domestic Violence... What Works? Meeting the Needs of Children, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, January 2000. (PDF, 2 pages).

An in-depth discussion of coordinating with child welfare advocates is available through Explore the Issue and Issue in Depth: Effects of Domestic Violence on Children.

Advocacy

From Good Intentions to Good Practice: Mapping Services Working with Families Where There is Domestic Violence. (Available in PDF and HTML, 12 pages).
Covers monitoring and screening, guidelines for advocates, safety planning, training, evaluation, coordination of responses, and issues relating to children.

RESPECT, Statement of Principles and Minimum Standards of Practice, National Association for Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programmes and Associated Support. (PDF, 11 pages).
Provides guidelines and principles for battered women’s advocates.

The Multilingual Access Model: A Model for Outreach and Services in Non-English Speaking Communities, Beckie Masaki, Mimi Kim & Christy Chung, 1999.

Project Harmony Domestic Violence Online Conference, 14-20 March 2002.
Professionals and advocates from the Caucasus, Russia and the Ukraine exchange questions and advice about strategies to combat domestic violence and provide services to battered women. The section on Lessons Learned offers recommendations for future activities that were generated through conference participants’ discussions.

Putting Women First: Ethical and Safety Recommendations for Research on Domestic Violence Against Women, World Health Organization, (WHO/FCH/GWH/01.1), 2001. (PDF, 31 pages).
Discusses guidelines that should be followed by researchers in order to ensure the safety of victims of domestic violence.

An in-depth discussion of advocacy is available through Explore the Issue, Issue in Depth: Advocacy Guidelines, and Issue in Depth: Advocacy Approaches.

Victim Protection, Support and Assistance

Safety Planning, Jill Davies, 1997.
Provides a definition of safety planning, identifies the different kinds of risks for which women may need to plan, discusses safety planning strategies and approaches, and outlines the responsibilities of an advocate.

Lethality Assessment Tools: A Critical Analysis, Neil Websdale.
This article discusses existing tools for assessing lethality in domestic violence cases, how those tools are used and applied, problems with measuring the effectiveness of these tools, and the impact of lethality assessment on women. The report concludes, as does the discussion of lethality in Explore the Issue, that there is no way to predict a lethal outcome, although certain factors identified by lethality assessment tools may indicate increased dangerousness.

Reducing Domestic Violence... What Works? Assessing and Managing the Risk of Domestic Violence, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, January 2000. (PDF, 4 pages).
Although there is no way to predict domestic violence, this report identifies certain characteristics that may indicate that an individual is more or less vulnerable to violence, such as age, level of equality in the marriage, and whether the woman has tried to leave.

Shelter Rules: Who Needs Them?, Linda A. Osmundson.
Discusses the development of shelter rules and policies that both promote the residents’ autonomy and also ensure residents’ well-being and safety.

Reducing Domestic Violence... What Works? Accommodation Provision, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, January 2000. (PDF, 4 pages).
Discusses strategies for increasing the shelter options available to battered women in the United Kingdom.

The following articles discuss the importance of economic self-sufficiency for battered women. One of the most common reasons women decide to return to a batterer is their inability to financially support themselves and their children. Economic independence is thus a significant predictor of a woman’s ability to protect herself from abuse. These articles describe strategies that may help support women in their efforts to become economically self-sufficient.

Strategies to Expand Battered Women’s Economic Opportunities, Amy Correia, 2000.

Innovative Strategies to Provide Housing for Battered Women, Amy Correia, 1999.

Supporting Battered Women’s Economic Development: One Community’s Effort, Trish Bonica, 2000.

An in-depth discussion of victim protection, support and assistance is available through Explore the Issue and Issue in Depth: Lethality Assessments, Issue in Depth: Safety Planning, Issue in Depth: Shelters and Safe Houses, Issue in Depth: Crisis Centers and Hotlines and Guidelines for Advocates.

Criminal Law and Policy

The Criminalization of Domestic Violence: Promises and Limits, Jeffrey Fagan, 1996.
Discusses the development of domestic violence legal reforms, the theoretical underpinnings of these reforms, empirical evidence relating to the deterrent effects of criminal and civil legal sanctions for domestic violence, and factors that influence these deterrent effects.

Model Strategies and Practical Measures on the Elimination of Violence Against Women in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy. (PDF, 10 pages). Also available in Russian. (PDF, 14 pages).
These “Model Strategies” are included in an Annex to the “Resolution on the Elimination of Violence Against Women,” drafted by the United Nations Commission for Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and approved by the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly.

Resource Manual: Model Strategies and Practical Measures on the Elimination of Violence Against Women in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, March 1999. (PDF, 100 pages).
Provides practical guidance designed to help lawmakers, criminal justice and other professionals, and other concerned groups implement the “Model Strategies.”

International Experts Group Meeting on the Development of Instruments to Implement an International Criminal Justice Strategy to Eliminate Violence Against Women, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 17-19 December 1998. (PDF, 25 pages).
Annex 3 contains minutes of working group meetings on the “Model Strategies” in the areas of criminal law and procedure, victim support and assistance, police and sentencing or corrections models, and training, research and evaluation. These working group discussions helped frame the compendium on model strategies, above.

Compendium: Model Strategies and Practical Measures on the Elimination of Violence Against Women in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, March 1999. (PDF, 350 pages).
Offers a review of the criminal laws and criminal procedures throughout the world that relate to violence against women. This report also includes a discussion of law enforcement, investigative techniques, sentencing, and prosecutorial policies, such as mandatory arrest policies, and their implementation in different countries. Compares, as well, restraining orders, legislation that promotes victim safety, specialized domestic violence courts, victim support and assistance (including shelter and counseling), in many different countries. Offers a special section on violence against women and the media.

Legal Interventions in Family Violence: Research Findings and Policy Implications, National Institute of Justice & American Bar Association, July 1998. (HTML, 118 pages).
Includes articles on the impact of domestic violence on children’s behavior, research on legal interventions in domestic violence (including a number of articles on civil protection orders, arrest policies, prosecution, and court-ordered batterers’ treatment), and the corporate sector’s response to domestic violence.

An in-depth discussion of criminal law is available through Explore the Issue.

Police

Reducing Domestic Violence... What Works? Policing Domestic Violence, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, January 2000. (PDF, 4 pages).

The Effects of Arrest on Intimate Partner Violence: New Evidence From the Spouse Assault Replication Program, Chistopher D. Maxwell, Joel H. Garner & Jeffrey A. Fagan, National Institute of Justice, July 2001. (PDF, 15 pages).
The study indicates that while past studies on the effect of arrest have reached conflicting conclusions, arrest was consistently related, although not always in a statistically significant way, to reduced subsequent aggression against female intimate partners.

Policing Domestic Violence: Effective Organisational Structures, Joyce Plotnikoff & Richard Woolfson, 1998. (PDF, 62 pages).
Just as battered women’s advocates in the United States are increasingly recognizing the ways in which institutional structures define a system’s response to domestic violence, so are advocates in the United Kingdom recognizing the importance of institutional design. This study, for example, focuses on the internal organization of the police (i.e., the systems and structures of the police), and examines this organization to evaluate the system’s response to domestic violence. The study found, for example, that officers’ responses to domestic violence were not translated into performance criteria, thus reinforcing the perceived low status of the crime of battering.

Assessing Justice System Response to Violence Against Women: A Tool for Law Enforcement, Prosecution and the Courts to Use in Developing Effective Responses, Kristin Littel, et al., 1998.
Provides checklists that can be used to evaluate law enforcement and judicial response to domestic violence, using examples from the United States.

Working Effectively with the Police: A Guide for Battered Women’s Advocates, Jane Sadusky, 2001.

Domestic Violence and Probation, Fernando Mederos, Denise Gamache & Ellen Pence.
In the United States and other countries, a perpetrator may be sentenced to probation, during which he is not incarcerated but his actions are restricted and monitored, for a period of time after his release from jail. The actions of the officer that monitors the perpetrator’s behavior can significantly enhance victim safety and batterer accountability.

The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment, Police Foundation Reports, Lawrence W. Sherman & Richard A. Berk, April 1984. (PDF, 13 pages).
This report found that arrest was more effective in deterring future violence than police attempts to counsel the parties involved or removal of an assailant from the home for several hours.

Spouse Assault Replication Program: Studies of Effects of Arrest on Domestic Violence, Arlene Weisz, November 2001.
This report discusses Sherman and Berk’s findings in the Minneapolis study and subsequent studies that attempted to reproduce these results. Although these subsequent studies “did not show that arrest definitely deters future violence by all types of domestic abusers,” many failed to adequately account for factors such as length of time in jail and the perpetrator’s criminal history. The report also emphasizes that a focus on arrest and repeat violence is inadequate and that attention must be paid to the “victims’ perspective on police interventions and the message that arrest (or failure to arrest) gives to the victim, the abuser, their children, and to the community.”

An in-depth discussion of law enforcement responses to domestic violence is available through Explore the Issue and Issue in Depth: Police.

Prosecution

Criminal Prosecution of Domestic Violence, Linda A. McGuire.
Discusses ways in which prosecutors can more effectively respond to domestic violence, criminal justice practices and policies that would better protect victims and ensure batterer accountability, and the ways in which domestic violence prosecutions may differ from other kinds of criminal prosecutions.

It’s Time to Take the Burden Off Victims in the Prosecution of Domestic Assault Cases, Daryl B. Coppoletti.

Reducing Domestic Violence... What Works? Use of the Criminal Law, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, January 2000. (PDF, 4 pages).
Discusses domestic violence prosecution policies in the United Kingdom, including absent victim investigations and prosecutions.

An in-depth discussion of prosecution responses to domestic violence is available through Explore the Issue and Issue in Depth: Prosecutors.

Judicial Responses

Safety and Accountability: The Underpinnings of a Just Justice System, Barbara J. Hart, May 1998.
Provides a detailed discussion of some of the barriers faced by battered women in accessing the court system and discusses ways in which courts and the judiciary can more effectively respond to the needs of battered women and their children and enhance batterer accountability.

Domestic Violence and the Courtroom: Understanding the Problem... Knowing the Victim, American Judges Foundation & American Judges Association.
Discusses forms of abuse, dynamics of domestic violence, and ways in which judges can help protect victims of domestic violence.

Specialized Criminal Domestic Violence Courts, Julie A. Helling, 1999.
Discusses some of the kinds of specialized procedures or institutions that judicial systems in the United States have developed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches.

Domestic Violence Courts: A Descriptive Study, Dag MacLeod & Julia F. Weber, 2000. (PDF, 55 pages).

Why We Watch the Criminal Justice System, WATCH.

An in-depth discussion of the judiciary’s responses to domestic violence is available through Explore the Issue, Issue in Depth: Judicial Responses to Domestic Violence, Issue in Depth: Specialized Domestic Violence Court Systems, and Issue in Depth: Court Monitoring Programs.

Civil Law Remedies

Reducing Domestic Violence... What Works? Civil Law Remedies, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, January 2000. (PDF, 4 pages).
Notes that while an analysis of judicial responses indicates that judges continue to uphold the presumption that allowing contact between child and father is preferable, where possible, “(t)here is a growing body of evidence from women’s and children’s experience which controverts the ‘contact is best’ presumption. Contact may be being granted in cases where it is dangerous for women and children.” The report recommends that judicial reluctance to refuse contact should be addressed, and suggests that judicial officers be trained about the dynamics of domestic violence.

Taking Abusers to Court: Civil Remedies for Domestic Violence Victims, Linda K. Meier & Brian K. Zoeller.
Discusses the kinds of civil law tort remedies that may be available to victims of domestic violence under common law, including assault, defamation, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.

Bulletin: Enforcement of Protective Orders, U.S. Department of Justice, January 2002.
Discusses some of the technical aspects of enforcement of protective orders in the United States, including national registries, comity between federal states, and consolidated procedures.

Wife Abuse and Child Custody and Visitation by the Abuser, Kendall Segel-Evans, 1989.

Strategies to Improve Supervised Visitation Services in Domestic Violence Cases, M. Sharon Maxwell & Karen Oehme, October 2001.
Discusses the increasing use of supervised visitation services as a way to reduce the potential harm to victim and child based on an understanding of the impact of domestic violence on children, and develops strategies to increase the safety of victim and child.

An in-depth discussion of civil law remedies is available through Explore the Issue , Issue in Depth: Orders for Protection, Divorce, and Tort Remedies, and Issue in Depth: Child Custody Issues.

Lobbying and Community Education

The Austin Community Domestic Violence Project: A Blueprint for Raising Community Awareness and Promoting Local Action, Olga Becker, Gloria Lewis & Kathleen Monahan, 1999.

Getting the Word Out: Domestic Violence Awareness in Rural Communities, Diane Reese & Sue Julian, 1999.
Provides a discussion of strategies used by battered women’s advocates in West Virginia to raise awareness in rural communities about domestic violence and available services.

An in-depth discussion of lobbying and community education is available through Explore the Issue.

Batterers’ Treatment Groups

Do Batterers’ Programs Work?, Jeffrey L. Edleson, 1995.
This paper discusses criteria for evaluating batterers’ treatment programs and the importance of ensuring that such programs are accompanied by efforts to support women and children seeking safety, ensure criminal sanctions designed to keep men in batterers’ treatment programs, and alter prevailing understandings of acceptable behavior in intimate relationships.

Intervention for Men Who Batter: A Review of Research, Richard M. Tolman & Jeffrey L. Edelson, 1995, in Understanding Partner Violence: Prevalence, Causes, Consequences and Solutions, S.R. Stith & M.A. Straus eds., 1995.
This paper discusses the evolution of batterers’ treatment programs and analyzes the effectiveness of such programs in the context of other responses such as arrest and prosecution.

Reducing Domestic Violence... What Works? Perpetrator Programmes, Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, January 2000. (PDF, 4 pages).

A Review of Standards for Batterer Intervention Programs, Juliet Austin & Juergen Dankwort, 1998.

Controversies and Recent Studies of Batterer Intervention Program Effectiveness, Larry Bennett & Oliver Williams.

Batterer Intervention: Program Approaches and Criminal Justice Strategies, Kerry Healey, National Institute of Justice 1998. (PDF, 143 pages).

Batterer Programs: What Criminal Justice Agencies Need to Know, Kerry Murphy Healey & Christine Smith, National Institution of Justice, 1998. (PDF, 12 pages).

The Impact of Mandatory Court Review on Batterer Program Compliance: An Evaluation of the Pittsburgh Municipal Courts and Domestic Abuse Counseling Center (DACC), Edward W. Gondolf, Executive Summary.

An in-depth discussion of batterers’ treatment programs is available through Explore the Issue, Issue in Depth: Couples Counseling and Drug and Alcohol Treatment, and Issue in Depth: Factor to Consider When Starting a Batterers' Treatment Group.

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