| Ampersand |
The character &.
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Artwork
|
Illustrative material (drawings, charts, photographs, etc.)
intended for reproduction.
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Bleed
|
A photograph or illustration that runs off the edge of a page
is said to bleed.
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| Blueprint |
A photographic proof prepared from text and art copy intended
for offset reproduction; the final proof in the offset process.
Also called a silverprint.
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Body type
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See Type.
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Boldface
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Type that is heavier than the text type with which it is used.
See Type.
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Bullet
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A heavy dot used as an ornament before a paragraph or before
items in list form.
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Camera-ready
Copy
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Copy or artwork that needs no further alteration and is prepared
to be photographed for a negative or printing plate.
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Caps
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Capital letters.
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Caption
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Explanatory matter run above, below, or beside an illustration.
Used interchangeably with cutline or sometimes legend.
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Cold type
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Strike-on, or typewriter composition, or any other typesetting
that doesn't use hot metal. (Increasingly, type is being set
digitally.)
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Composition
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Setting a manuscript in type.
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Cropping
|
Eliminating portions of an illustration, such as a photograph.
Crop marks are placed in the margins to indicate where an illustration
is to be cropped.
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| Cutline |
See Caption.
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Display
type
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See Type.
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Dummy
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Mock-up of a publication suggesting the final appearance and
size of the completed project.
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Elite type
|
Typewriter type that runs 12 characters to the
inch.
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Em
|
The square of the point size of any type. A piece of type having
the same width and height. In early fonts the letter M was
usually cast on a square body; hence the name.
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En
|
Half the width of an em of the same font.
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Flat
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In offset printing, a large sheet of paper with the negatives
or positives taped into position and ready for platemaking.
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Flush
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The term flush designates the absence of indentation.
The term flush right indicates that the type aligns at
the right.
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Folio
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A term usually used to mean the page number.
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Font
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A complete assortment of a given face and size of type, including
capital, small capital, and lowercase letters, together with
figures, punctuation marks, ligatures, and commonly used symbols
and accents.
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Galley proof
|
A rough proof or copy of typeset material before it is assembled
into pages. An impression of metal type as it stands in a long,
shallow tray known as a galley. With cold type, the galley
proof is the first proof, usually a photocopy.
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Glossy
|
Short for glossy print; a photograph with a hard, shiny
finish, used for certain kinds of reproduction work. Glossy prints
are still sometimes used for submitting photographs and ad layouts
to be published in newspapers.
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Halftone
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Artwork, such as a photograph, reproduced through a screen
that allows various densities of dots to give tonal value.
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Italic
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Slanting type (in contrast to roman, which is upright). Used
mainly for emphasis or display, rarely for body or text. See Type.
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Justify
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To space out lines of type to a specified measure so one or
both margins are flush (even).
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Keyline
|
To align type, artwork, headlines, etc., on pasteup sheets
or boards for offset reproduction. Also, the final pasteup or
camera-ready copy. Now most keylining is done electronically.
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Layout
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A designer's
conception of a finished job, including spacing and type specifications.
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Leading
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Spacing between lines of type, expressed in points. (Pronounced
ledding.)
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Legend
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Descriptive matter used as part of or with an illustration.
The key to the symbols on a map or chart.
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Letterpress printing
|
Printing from raised surfaces, such as type, photoengravings,
printing. and wood or linoleum cuts. Paper is pressed against
the inked surface to receive the impression. This is no longer
commonly used for printing projects. It is now considered an
art form.
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Ligature
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Type characters consisting of two or more letters united as
one character (æ for example).
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Line copy
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Material for reproduction that has no gradations in tone—only
solid blacks and whites—such as type or pen and ink drawings.
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Lowercase
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Uncapitalized letters (abbreviation: lc).
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| M |
Abbreviation for a quantity of 1,000.
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Multilith
|
A small printing press or duplicator that operates on the offset
principle. It is often used for small-run printing jobs.
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Negative
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Used in preparing an offset printing plate. See Photo-offset.
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Offset
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Smudging caused by the transfer of ink from one printed sheet
to another. Also called setoff.
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Offset printing
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A method of printing in which ink is transferred from a printing
plate to an intermediate rubber-blanketed cylinder, which in
turn offsets the ink onto the paper.
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Page proof
|
An impression of metal type after it has been made into page
form. With cold type, the page proof is a copy of the camera-ready
page.
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Perfect binding
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Binding method in which individual pages are held together
with an adhesive along the spine of the book.
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Photocomposition
|
A typesetting process in which light is projected through an
alphabet disk, drum, or film strip onto photosensitized paper.
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Photo-offset
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An offset printing process in which a negative print of the
copy is used in the photochemical preparation of the metal printing
plate.
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Photostat
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Trademark for a device used to make quick positive or negative
photocopies of graphic material. Also a copy made by this method.
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Pica
|
A printer's
unit of measurement. It is 1/6 inch,
which is equal to 12 points.
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Pica type
|
Typewriter type that runs 10 characters to the
inch.
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Pick up
|
To reuse previously printed matter as part of a new work, printing
either from the original type or by photo-offset (abbreviation:
P.U.).
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Plate
|
A prepared surface from which printing is done.
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Point
|
A unit measure for typefaces. It is 1/12 pica
or 1/72 inch.
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| Process color |
Reproducing full-color photographs or art by using several
printing plates (usually four), each for printing a different
color. Inks used in process printing are cyan, magenta, yellow,
and black.
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Proof
|
See Galley proof, Page
proof, Repro proof.
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| Quad |
A space equal to 1 em unless otherwise designated.
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Ragged right
|
Type set with the righthand margin unjustified. See Justify.
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Ream
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Five hundred sheets of paper of one size and texture.
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Repro proof
|
A high-quality typeset page proof that is used
as camera-ready copy in offset lithography. Also called reproduction
proof.
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Reverse
out
|
When an image of type or of a drawing appears in the color
of the stock surrounded by a solid block of color or black, the
copy is said to be reversed out.
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Roman
|
The ordinary type style, as distinguished from italic or boldface.
See Type.
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Running
head
|
A title (usually the title of the publication or of a section
within it) repeated at the top or bottom of each page.
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| Saddle stitching |
Binding method in which staples (or stitches) are inserted
through the middle fold of the sheets.
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Sans serif
|
Type without lines projecting from the top or bottom of the
main strokes of a letter. See Type.
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Screen print
|
A photographic print in which the image has been broken into
coarse dots so the item can be photographed as line art.
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Serif
|
A short, light line projecting from the top or bottom of a
main stroke of a letter. Originally a beginning or finishing
flourish made with a pen. See Type.
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| Signature |
A group of pages printed on one sheet of paper so they will
fold into proper sequence. Signatures are in multiples of four
pages (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, etc.).
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Silverprint
|
See Blueprint.
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Small caps
|
Capital letters that are smaller than the regular caps of a
font (abbreviation: sc).
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Spine
|
The portion of the binding that connects the front and back
covers. Also called backbone.
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Stock
|
Paper to be used for printing.
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Strike-on
composition
|
Typesetting in which the image is transferred directly
from the machine onto paper. Typewriters, IBM Composers, and VariTypers
are examples of strike-on equipment.
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Stripping
|
Placing negatives (or positives) in position on a flat before
platemaking. Electronic stripping places all the pages and page
elements in the correct position on the digital layout.
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Transfer
letters
|
Cut-out or rub-off letters printed on clear acetate sheets
and used for hand setting of type (usually headlines) for offset
printing. Also called press type.
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Type
|
The type usually used in books and other kinds of ordinary
reading matter is commonly called roman. It may be a serif or sans
serif typeface; words or phrases may be set off in italic (slanting)
type; emphasized elements may be set in boldface (heavier,
darker) type. Many faces are available in extended (wide)
and condensed (narrow) versions. (Strictly speaking, the
term roman is used for numbers and letters whose capital
forms are modeled on ancient Roman inscriptions. Thus roman also
means a style of type characterized by upright letters having
serifs and vertical lines thicker than horizontal lines.)
Body type is a general name for type used for reading
or text matter as distinguished from display type,
which is used for advertisements, chapter and section headings,
etc. Size may be the only difference between body type and
display type.
Gothic type is
plain, usually with lines of uniform thickness and without
serifs. It is sometimes known as block letter.
Script types are imitations of handwriting.
Text is an imitation of the hand lettering that prevailed
before movable types were invented. Sometimes called Old
English.
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