Biographical Sketches of Conference Participants

Tim Bates, Professor of Labor and Urban Affairs, and Professor of Economics, Wayne State University. After receiving his B.S. from the University of Illinois in Economic History, Professor Bates went on to receive his M.S. and Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Wisconsin. Professor Bates' research focuses on wealth creation and the political economy of urban areas, especially as these issues impact upon communities of color. The author of several books and articles in the field, Professor Bates has served on numerous Advisory Boards, performed consulting work for many state and federal agencies, and held appointments at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the Joint Center for Political Studies.

Scott Bollens, Associate Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of California Irvine. Professor Bollens received his B.A. from UCLA, his Masters in Regional Planning, and his Ph.D. in City and Regional Planning from the University of North Carolina. His research interests include ethnicity and urban policies, growth management strategies, metropolitan governance, and urban planning. His books include the forthcoming Cities and Ethnic Conflict: Urban Policy on Narrow Ground. In addition to his position at the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Professor Bollens is a research affiliate of the Global Peace and Conflict Studies Research Unit at the University of California, Irvine.

Ellen Burzynski, Chair, Detroit Development Bancorporation, a subsidiary in formation of Shorebank Corporation. Ms. Burzynski has been active in the banking community for almost 20 years. This involvement has focused on issues relating to providing housing opportunities to communities of color through developing bilingual outreach services, non-traditional residential lending programs, and development of lending programs delivered through central city and community loan originators. In addition, Ms. Burzynski has been active in a variety of community organizations ranging from neighborhood associations to affordable housing corporations to glass ceiling commissions. She is currently finishing her M.B.A.

John Calmore, Associate Professor of Law, Loyola Law School. Professor Calmore earned his J.D. from Harvard Law School and his B.A. from Stanford University. After graduating from law school, Professor Calmore worked with several Legal Services offices on a variety of issues, including housing and community development. A critical race theorist, Professor Calmore has written numerous articles including Spatial Equality and the Kerner Commission Report: A Back-to-the Future Essay, and his most recent article entitled Racialized Space and the Culture of Segregation: "Hewing a Stone of Hope from a Mountain of Despair."

Roger Clay, partner, Goldfarb & Lipman, San Francisco. Mr. Clay has more than twenty years of experience in affordable housing and community development. His practice includes all aspects of the development, construction, financing, and management of affordable housing. In addition to transactional work, Mr. Clay has advised many state and local agencies on the design and implementation of affordable housing and community economic development strategies and programs. He is a member of the National Advisory Board of the Institute on Race and Poverty, and has also been general counsel of the California Housing Finance Agency, and a staff attorney for the Legal Aid Society of Alameda County. He holds a J.D. from Boalt Hall School of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, an M.S.W. from the University of California at Los Angeles, and a B.A. from Stanford University

Luke Cole, Attorney, California Rural Legal Assistance. Mr. Cole is also general counsel of the Foundation's Center on Race, Poverty & the Environment He represents low-income communities and workers throughout California who are fighting environmental hazards, stressing the need for community based, community led organizing and litigating. Mr. Cole is the originator and coordinator of the Environmental Poverty Law Working Group, a nationwide network. His publications include, Empowerment as the Key to Environmental Protection: The Need for Environmental Poverty Law. Mr. Cole teaches seminars as an adjunct professor at Boalt Hall School of Law and Stanford Law School. He received his law degree from Harvard University and his undergraduate degree from Stanford University.

Nancy A. Denton, Assistant Professor of Sociology at the State University of New York in Albany. Professor Denton received her Ph.D. in Demography in 1984 from the University of Pennsylvania. She also holds an M.A. in Demography from the University of Pennsylvania and an M.A. in Sociology from Fordham University. Her major research interests are race and residential segregation, and she is author of more than a dozen articles on the topic. Her collaboration with Douglas S. Massey, spanning the last decade, culminated in American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass, winner of the 1994 Otis Dudley Duncan award from the Sociology of Population section of the American Sociological Association and the 1995 American Sociological Association Distinguished Publication Award. Her current research focuses more on the actual process of neighborhood change in the fifty largest metropolitan areas of the U.S. She has testified before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Housing and Community Development and the U.S. Civil Rights Commission.

John Foster-Bey, Vice President-Programs at the Northwest Area Foundation in St. Paul, Minnesota. Mr. Foster-Bey is responsible for managing the day to day and long term development of the Foundation's grant making programs in Rural and Urban Poverty and Sustainable Development. Prior to coming to the Northwest Area Foundation he was Associate Director of the MacArthur Foundation's Community Initiatives Program. Mr. Foster-Bey began his philanthropic career with the Ford Foundation in 1986 as a Program Officer in the Foundation's Office of Program Related Investments and in the Urban Poverty Program. Before entering the field of philanthropy, he worked in the areas of corporate finance, local government and non-profit youth programs. He has an undergraduate degree in History, a graduate degree in public administration, and a graduate management degree from the Yale School of Management.

George Galster, Senior Fellow, The Urban Institute. Mr. Galster received his Ph.D. in Economics from M.I.T., with undergraduate degrees from Wittenberg and Case Western Reserve. He has published over 70 refereed articles, primarily on the topics of metropolitan housing markets, racial discrimination and segregation, neighborhood dynamics, residential reinvestment, community lending and insurance patterns, and urban poverty. His most recent books are The Maze of Urban Housing Markets (1991) and The Metropolis in Black and White (1992). Dr. Galster provides a wealth of experience in academic, governmental, non-profit, and for-profit organizations. He has held academic appointments at Harvard University, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of North Carolina and the College of Wooster. He has been a staff member at the Urban Institute since 1992.

George Garnett, Executive Director, Green Institute. Mr. Garnett received his B.A. degree from Yale University in Political Science. He has fifteen years of experience in community and economic development activities, including positions with state development agencies. Prior to assuming the Executive Director position at the Green Institute, he was the Executive Director of the West Bank Community Development Corporation. The Green Institute is a non-profit organization based in the Phillips Neighborhood in Minneapolis dedicated to the creation of and education about models of sustainable development in the urban context.

Edward Goetz, Professor, Department of Design, Housing, and Apparel, University of Minnesota. Professor Goetz received his Ph.D. in Political Science focusing on American Urban Politics. Since completing his Ph.D., Professor Goetz has taught courses reflecting his expertise in Urban Political Economy, Public Policy, Housing, Community and Economic Development, and State and Local Government. He has authored several books and articles on these topics, including the forthcoming Housing and Community Development Policy.

Ruth Goins, Senior Program Officer, Northwest Area Foundation. Ms. Goins is responsible at Northwest for development strategies to alleviate urban and rural poverty. She has also worked in the areas of community and economic development at the Charles Steward Mott Foundation. Ms. Goins is vice chair of Women and Philanthropy, and a former chair of the Neighborhood Funders Group. She also serves on the board of directors of the Boston-based Consensus Organizing Institute, the Local Advisory Committee of the St. Paul office of the Committee of the Northwest Area Foundation for the Mid-South. Ms. Goins holds a B.A. in Urban Studies from Wellesley College and an M.S. in Public Management and Policy Analysis from the Heinz School of Public Policy and Management at Carnegie-Mellon University.

Ken Greenberg, founder of Berridge, Lewinberg, Greenberg, Dark & Gabor. Since receiving his degree in architecture, Mr. Greenberg has been involved in urban planning and design in a variety of capacities. After practicing in a private architectural firm, he founded and directed the Division of Architecture and Urban Design within Toronto's Planning and Development Department. Through this work, Mr. Greenberg explored new approaches to theory and practice aimed at integrating several disciplines in order to return to a holistic approach to city making. His current work is concerned with the rejuvenation and intensification of inner city areas and the creation of denser mixed-use communities.

James Head, President, National Economic Development and Law Center, a private nonprofit corporation based in Oakland California. The Center provides professional assistance and training to Legal Services corporation attorneys and staff, community development corporations, and community-based organizations throughout the country. A graduate of the University of Georgia undergraduate and law school, Mr. Head is a member of the California, Georgia, and Florida bars. He specializes at the Law Center in banking issues and the Community Reinvestment Act, financing strategies, and legal, nonprofit, and tax counseling related to community economic development.

Joel Hodroff, Founder, President and CEO, Commonweal, Inc. Mr. Hodroff is an expert in the uses of noncash currencies for product marketing and community economic development. Commonweal, Inc. is a Minnesota based, for-profit corporation that has invented an innovative market-driven approach to community economic development. Mr. Hodroff provided the theoretical foundation for Commonweal's dual-currency economic development strategy, and co-invented the company's patented transactional and accounting systems. Formerly the president of Solar Consultants, Inc. of New Mexico, Mr. Hodroff has over twenty years of experience in sales, marketing, and management.

Paul Hudson, President & CEO, Broadway Federal Savings and Loan. Mr. Hudson received his bachelor's degree and law degree from the University of California, Berkeley, as well as a degree from the Graduate School of Savings Institution Management at the University of Texas at Austin. Mr. Hudson is a past President of the Los Angeles NAACP and serves on numerous boards including America's Community Bankers, Western League of Savings Institutions, American League of Financial Institutions, Pitzer College and the NAACP Education and Welfare Fund, among others. He is Chairman of the Board of the College Marketplace and Community Build. Prior to joining Broadway Federal, the oldest African-American savings and loan association west of the Mississippi, Mr. Hudson practiced law with the Washington D.C. firm of Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering. He has also practiced law in the firm that his father founded in Los Angeles, Hudson, Sandoz and Brown.

Paul Jargowsky, Professor of Political Economy, School of Social Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas. After receiving his A.B. degree from Princeton, Professor Jargowsky went on to receive his Masters degree and his Ph.D. in Public Policy from Harvard University. Professor Jargowsky's research focuses on the formation and growth of ghetto neighborhoods, economic segregation, urban economic development, and domestic social policies bearing on poverty and the family. His most recent book is Ghettos, Barrios, and the Concentration of Poverty in the U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970-1990.

Curt Johnson, Chair, Metropolitan Council. Mr. Johnson holds a bachelor's degree from Baylor University and a Ph.D. from the University of Texas. After serving as president of three community colleges during the 1970s, Mr. Johnson spent the 1980s as the director of the Citizens League in the Twin Cities, an organization widely regarded as the nation's premier organization of citizens with a track record for major impact on state legislation. Mr. Johnson has worked with the National Civic League, served as senior policy advisor and chief of staff to the Governor of Minnesota, serves on the board of the Alliance for Redesigning Government, and as a trustee of the Minneapolis Foundation. Mr. Johnson co-authored CITISTATES in 1993.

Hazel Johnson, People for Community Recovery. Hazel Johnson became very active in environmental issues facing communities of color after hearing a news report that her neighborhood, Altgeld Gardens, a public housing development on the south side of Chicago, had the highest incidence of cancer in the city. Ms. Johnson, along with PCR, spent years learning about environmental issues and networking with environmental groups to learn that the Altgeld Gardens area was home to many waste disposal companies. Because of the heavy concentration of industry, PCR found that low and moderate income communities on the southeast side of Chicago had been exposed to substantial amounts of toxic chemicals that had negative health impacts. PCR was the recipient of the President's Environmental and Conservation Challenge award, and is the only African-American grassroots organization to receive this nation's highest environmental award. Ms. Johnson enjoys several honors, including being one of thirteen African Americans who attended the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, and providing the inspiration for the institution of the Hazel Johnson Award for Environmental Justice.

Ron Krietemeyer, Director, Office for Social Justice, a division of Catholic Charities, Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis. Mr. Krietemeyer received his Masters degree in Public Affairs from the University of Minnesota's Humphrey Institute, and his Masters degree in Theology from St. John's University. He was an instructor in social ethics at the College of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota. Following his teaching, Mr. Krietemeyer worked for the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, and served as chief staff person for the committee of bishops that drafted the 1986 pastoral letter on the economy. He has also served as the Director of the Office of Domestic Policy and the Catholic Conference, the staff office responsible for advising and assisting the bishops on domestic social policy issues at the national level.

Robert Liberty, Executive Director, 1000 Friends of Oregon. Mr. Liberty has degrees in Political Science from the University of Oregon, in history from Oxford University where he was a Rhodes Scholar, and in law from Harvard Law School. After graduating from law school, Mr. Liberty was a staff attorney at 1000 Friends of Oregon, a nongovernmental organization working to enforce and enhance Oregon's pioneering growth-management program. Mr. Liberty then had a solo land use law and consulting practice until he returned to 1000 Friends as the Executive Director. Mr. Liberty is a member of Metro's Future Vision Commission and has served on the boards of his neighborhood association and several other nonprofit organizations.

John Lukehart, Vice President, Leadership Council for Metropolitan Open Communities. LCMOC is a Chicago area fair housing organization founded as a result of a campaign for open housing led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. As the nation's largest and most comprehensive fair housing organization, LCMOC's mission is to eliminate discrimination and segregation in metro Chicago housing markets. Mr. Lukehart is responsible for the Council's community relations, public policy, housing industry initiatives, research, and public housing authority programs. Presently, Mr. Lukehart is co-directing a research project with a consortium of university researchers and community activists, studying the experiences of diverse urban neighborhoods in nine cities around the country. Mr. Lukehart is active as a community volunteer as well. He graduated from Iowa State University and has done postgraduate work in urban policy and planning at the University of Illinois, Chicago.

Roderick Mitchell, President, Bedford-Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation. Mr. Mitchell graduated from the University of California at Los Angeles with an undergraduate degree in Economics. He received his MBA in Finance and International Economics from Columbia University. Prior to joining the Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation, Mr. Mitchell served as a senior financial analyst for the Celanese Corporation. He joined the Restoration Corporation in 1984 as the director of strategic planning, was elected vice president of physical development in 1986, and is currently the Chief Executive Officer and President of the Corporation. The Restoration Corporation is one of the nation's first and largest community development corporations. Mr. Mitchell is the recipient of the Urban League's Urban Achievement award, the Chamber of Commerce Outstanding Minority Entrepreneur Award, and has received recognition from numerous churches and civic groups.

Sam Myers, Roy Wilkins Professor of Human Relations and Social Justice. Professor Myers directs teaching, research and citizen education on the impacts of social policies on the poor. His research has examined racial disparities in crime, detected illegal discrimination in credit markets, and evaluated the effectiveness of government transfers to reduce poverty. Professor Myers was past president of the National Economic Association, and a member of the policy council of the Association of Public Policy Analysis and Management. He was recently recognized by the Review of Black Political Economy as one of the top twenty U.S. black economists. Professor Myers earned his undergraduate degree at Morgan State University and his doctoral degree in economics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Sandra Newman, Associate Director for Research, the Institute for Policy Studies, Johns Hopkins University and Research Professor in the Master's Program in Policy Studies. Prior to joining Johns Hopkins, Professor Newman was an associate professor at the University of Michigan. She has been a Fulbright Fellow at the Research School of Social Sciences of the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. She has recently co-authored two monographs that focus on the nexus of housing and welfare assistance: Beyond Bricks and Mortar: Reexamining the Purpose and Effects of Housing Assistance and Subsidizing Shelter: The Relationship between Welfare and Housing Assistance. She is a board member of the Center for Housing Policy and of the National Foundation for Affordable Housing Solutions.

Myron Orfield, third-term DFL legislator representing southwest Minneapolis (District 60B). A graduate of the University of Minnesota, Representative Orfield earned a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School and did graduate work at Princeton University. He has practiced law in both the public and private sectors and currently teaches as an adjunct professor at the University of Minnesota Law School. He was recently named to a committee of the National Academy of Sciences and advisory positions for the American Planning Association and the National Growth Management Leadership Project.

john a. powell, Professor of Law, University of Minnesota Law School. Professor powell earned a B.A. from Stanford University and a J.D. from the University of California at Berkeley. After law school, he became an attorney with the Seattle Public Defender and practiced law with the United Inner City Friends Service Committee for Peace Education in Seattle, where he founded the Food Education for Action Program. He received a Human Rights Fellowship from the University of Minnesota to work in Southern Africa on human rights issues from 1977 to 1979, where he was a consultant to the government of Mozambique. Professor powell has taught at Columbia University School of Law, Harvard School of Law, the University of Miami School of Law, and the University of San Francisco School of Law. In 1987, he became the National Legal Director for the American Civil Liberties Union. In 1993, Professor powell joined the University of Minnesota Law School faculty and founded the Institute on Race and Poverty, of which he is Executive Director.

Steven Rothschild, founder and president, Twin Cities RISE! In addition to his role in Twin Cities RISE, Mr. Rothschild is an Executive Fellow at the University of St. Thomas School of Business. He is also a director of three for-profit companies, Minnesota Public Radio, and the Institute on Race and Poverty. He is a trustee of the College of St. Benedict in St. Joseph, Minnesota, and an executive committee member on the Minneapolis/St. Paul Committee on Foreign Relations. Mr. Rothschild earned an MBA degree from Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania and an A.B. degree in Economics from Franklin and Marshall College.

David Rusk, former mayor of Albuquerque and New Mexico State Legislator. Mr. Rusk is one of America's foremost champions of regional strategies. His first book, Cities Without Suburbs combines his political experience with his research on 522 central cities in 320 metropolitan areas. A second book, Baltimore Unbound was published in 1995. Mr. Rusk is now an independent consultant on urban and suburban policy, traveling and lecturing extensively on both a national and international level. Mr. Rusk graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of California at Berkeley, after which he was a civil rights and anti-poverty worker with the Washington Urban League.

Charles Smith, Manager, Access and Equity Centre, Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. Mr. Smith has held the position of Manager in this metropolitan organization since 1995. Prior to this, he was the Manager of Access and Organizational Change, and Coordinator of Ethno-Racial Access to Metropolitan Services. During his employment at Metro, Mr. Smith has administered the Municipalities Multicultural grants program and initiated a number of projects aimed at improving the involvement and interaction of minority communities within the Metropolitan government. He is the author of numerous reports on these issues, and is a successful poet and playwright as well.

Roy Taylor, independent professional consultant. Mr. Taylor is currently working with Citizen's for a Better Environment on a project in Minneapolis neighborhoods and consulting with the Minnesota Council of Nonprofits on civic engagement. He has served on the Board of Commissioners of the Metropolitan Waste Control Commission, as a lobbyist for the Minnesota Food First Coalition, and as manager of public policy for Catholic Charities of the twin cities archdiocese. He was a facilitator/trainer for American Indian Research and Policy Institute Forums, Great Lakes Environmental Justice Summit, and the University of Minnesota Public Policy Insitutte. Current affiliations include the Active Citizenship Institute, Democratic Education Foundation, Government Relations Council and Heart of the Beast Puppet and Mask Theatre Company, all in Minnesota. Mr. Taylor was named a fellow with the Mondale Policy Forum at the Hubert Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota, where he also completed the Leadership in Public Policy Seminar. He received a B.A. in political science from the University of Oklahoma, and will soon be attending the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.

Avis Vidal, Director of the Community Development Research Center at the New School for Social Research. Professor Vidal's research focuses on capacity-building in community based organizations and in the systems that support their work. She is currently completing an evaluation of a Lilly Endowment initiative designed to encourage conventional economic development agencies in Indiana's state enterprise zones to establish better linkages with local residents and develop programs that more directly respond to their needs. Other recent work compares and contrasts the effectiveness of three types of interventions--enterprise zones, CDCs and community development financial institutions--in stimulating community revitalization. Professor Vidal spent six years on the faculty of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and also served for two years on the Legislative and Urban Policy Staff of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. She received her Ph.D. and Masters degree from Harvard University, and her undergraduate degree from the University of Chicago.

Ed Washington, Councilor, Metro Portland. Mr. Washington has been an elected official of the Portland Metro Council since 1992. He currently serves as chair of the council's Regional Facilities Committee, and is vice-chair of the Government Affairs Committee. He is immediate past president of the Portland Chapter of the NAACP, and serves on the Albina Community Unity Breakfast Committee, the United Way Board of Directors, the Northeast Economic Alliance Board and the Multicultural Advisory Board at Portland State University, his alma mater.

Phil Wichern, Visiting Scholar, Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, Hubert Humphrey Institute, University of Minnesota. After receiving his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota, Professor Wichern taught urban and local politics at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg. His research evaluates the amalgamation of the central city of Winnipeg, finding mostly negative impacts from a metropolitan governance in both the Canadian and American contexts. In addition to studying metropolitan forms of governance, Professor Wichern also studies the green and ecology movements in both Canada and the U.S. While on sabbatical at the Humphrey Institute, he is completing a textbook, Urban Policy and Local Politics in Canada.

Maya Wiley, Assistant United States Attorney in the Southern District of New York. Ms. Wiley earned her J.D. from Columbia University, and served as the Karpatkin Fellow at the American Civil Liberties Union's national office, where she worked on litigation addressing the intersection of race and poverty in the areas of education and reproductive freedom. After leaving the ACLU, Ms. Wiley was a staff attorney for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., where she specialized in litigation to increase access to health care services for low-income African Americans. She serves on the Advisory Committee of Human Rights Watch/Asia, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Federal Legislation Committee of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, and the advisory boards of the Health & Development Policy Project and the Institute on Race and Poverty.

William Wilson, Coordinator, Common Ground Consortium. The Common Ground Consortium is a partnership between the University of Minnesota College of Education and Human Development and nine Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Mr. Wilson is also a Research Fellow with the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs at the University of Minnesota. He received his M.Ed. from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and has served as Commissioner of Minnesota Department of Human Rights for four years. Mr. Wilson was a member of the St. Paul City Council for 13 years, and President of the Council for four. Currently he is Chairperson of the Minnesota Fair Housing Center and a member of the Diversity Committee of the College of Education and Human Development.

Ron Wirtz, Research Associate, Citizens League. Mr. Wirtz is lead researcher and administrator for the Citizens League study committee entitled "Building Livable Communities." The charge of this study committee is to identify problems with past and present patterns of regional growth. The study's goal is to identify the best overall growth outcomes for the Twin Cities region. The committee's task is to identify current development patterns, along with the positive and negative effects of growth in urban, suburban and exurban areas. In addition to his work at the Citizens League, Mr. Wirtz has written a nine article series outlining the impact of urban sprawl on the Greater Milwaukee area.