Prosecutor v. Musema, Case No. ICTR-96-13-A, Judgment and Sentence (Jan. 27, 2000).

Original: ENGLISH

Trial Chamber I

Before Judges: 
Judge Lennart Aspegren, President
Judge Laïty Kama
Judge Navanethem Pillay

Registry: Mr. Agwu U. Okali

Judgement of:  27 January 2000

THE PROSECUTOR
v.
ALFRED MUSEMA

Case  No. ICTR-96-13-A

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JUDGEMENT AND SENTENCE

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Office of the Prosecutor:
Ms Carla Del Ponte
Ms Jane Anywar Adong
Mr Charles Adeogun-Philips
Ms Holo Makwaia

Counsel for the Defence:
Mr Steven Kay, QC
Prof Michaïl Wladimiroff

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 The International Criminal Tribunal
1.2 Jurisdiction of the Tribunal
1.3 The Indictment
1.4 The Accused

2. PROCEEDINGS

2.1 Procedural background
2.2 Evidentiary matters
2.3 The Defence of alibi

3. THE APPLICABLE LAW

3.1 Individual criminal responsibility (Article 6 of the Statute)
3.2 The Crime of Genocide (Article 2 of the Statute)
3.2.1 Genocide
3.2.2 Complicity in Genocide
3.2.3 Conspiracy to Commit Genocide
3.3 Crime against Humanity (Article 3 of the Statute)
3.4.Violation of Common Article 3 and Additional Protocol II
3.5 Cumulative charges

4. THE DEFENCE CASE

4.1 General admissions
4.2 The alibi
4.3 Further arguments

5. FACTUAL FINDINGS

5.1 Context of the events alleged
5.2 Massacres in the Bisesero region
5.3 Sexual crimes
5.4 Musema's authority

6. LEGAL FINDINGS

6.1 Count 1 - Genocide & Count 2 - Complicity in Genocide
6.2 Count 3 - Conspiracy to Commit Genocide
6.3 Count 5 - Crime against Humanity (extermination)
6.4 Count 4 - Crime against Humanity (murder)
6.5 Count 6 - Crime against Humanity (other inhumane acts)
6.6 Count 7 - Crime against Humanity (rape)
6.7 Counts 8 and 9 -Violation of Common Article 3 and Additional Protocol II 274

7. VERDICT

8. SENTENCING

ANNEXES

Annex A - The Indictment
Annex B - Mission order
Annex C - Musema's calendar
Annex D - Glossary of terms

SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE ASPEGREN

SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE PILLAY

SUMMARY