U of MN--CVPC: PUBH5150 Violence Prevention: Theory, Research & Application

Faculty: Mary Findorff, Ph.D., M.P.H. and guest faculty

Time: Mondays, 3:35 – 5:30 p.m.

Location: Mayo C-381

Course Description:

Analyses and critique of major theories and epidemiologic research pertinent to violence, including characteristics of violence and relevant risk factors, reporting and treatment protocols, and current/potential intervention efforts and prevention initiatives; emphasis on interdisciplinary contributions to violence prevention and control. For students with interest in violence prevention and control from various disciplines including public health, nursing, law, medicine, social work, law enforcement, education, and psychology, etc., this course provides a foundation essential to the field.

Purpose:

This interdisciplinary course is designed to prepare professionals to understand and address issues of violence effectively. An overview of current theory, research, and applications pertinent to violence is provided in the areas of child abuse, domestic violence, work-related violence, elder violence, school violence, suicide, and the association between substance abuse and violence.

___________________________
Any student with a documented disability (e.g., physical, learning, psychiatric, vision, hearing, etc.) who needs to arrange reasonable accommodations must contact the Instructor and Disability Services at the beginning of the quarter. All discussions will remain confidential.

Course Objectives:

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

• identify the magnitude of the problem to the degree that it is known, based on peer- reviewed literature and other resources.

• identify and discuss perspectives on the identification and characteristics of violence and relevant risk factors.

• analyze theory and research pertinent to violence.

• describe and critique procedures used in the reporting and treatment of various types of violence.

• discuss potential intervention efforts and community initiatives pertinent to violence prevention and control.

• identify the contributions of various disciplines such as nursing, public health, medicine, law enforcement, education, and social work etc. to violence prevention
and control.

Course Format:

This interdisciplinary class will meet weekly for two hours throughout the quarter. Class formats include lectures and discussion, supported by a variety of media. Experts will present pertinent violence and violence prevention content from their respective areas of expertise including injury epidemiology, law enforcement, community domestic violence programs, social work, education and public health.

Course Expectations:

Students will be expected to :

• participate actively in class lectures, presentations, discussions, and activities;

• work individually with assigned materials, topics, and activities;
• demonstrate understanding, application, and mastery of course content by
-completing a final paper (see final paper criteria on page 5 of syllabus)
-completing a midterm and final examination

Grading: Grading will be based on the student's performance in the following areas:

Class Participation 15%
Final Paper 25%
Presentation of paper 10%
Midterm exam (Take home) 25%
Final exam (Take home) 25%

The grading system will be A/F and S/N, depending on the requirement of the graduate student/professional.

A/F
4.00 = A Represents achievement that is outstanding relative to course requirements
3.67 = A-
3.33 = B+
3.00 = B Represents achievement that significantly above course requirements
2.67 = B-
2.33 = C+
2.00 = C Represents achievement that meets course requirements in every respect
1.67 = C-
1.33 = D+
1.00 = D Represents achievement that fails to meet fully the course requirements
but is worthy of credit.
0 = F* Represents failure and signifies that the work was either completed but at
a level of achievement not worthy of credit or was not completed and no
agreement was made between the instructor and the student to award
an Incomplete (I).
S/N
S = 2.00 or above
N* = below 2.00

* Academic dishonesty on any portion of the academic work for a course shall be grounds for awarding a grade of F or N for the entire course.

REQUIRED PAPER

Guidelines:

1. Each student will select a specific violence-related problem (e.g., hate crimes, men who batter, suicide, elder violence, sports violence, media violence, firearm violence, sexual violence, dating violence, racial bias, religious violence, or gay/lesbian violence) pertinent to their area of interest.

2. Identify the magnitude of the problem to the degree that it is known, based on peer-
reviewed literature and other resources.

3. Discuss:
• Operational definition;
• Characteristics;
• Risk factors for the problem;
• Effects/outcomes (e.g., health, quality of life, cost);
• Reporting procedures;
• Potential intervention/treatment strategies for prevention and control of the problem:
- The Federal Role
- The State Role
- Collaborating Community Services/interdisciplinary collaboration

4. Apply Haddon's Matrix and Haddon's Ten Strategies:
• Identify the most appropriate potential intervention and prevention strategies for the selected violence-related problem, based on your knowledge of the most successful approaches that you feel are warranted.
• Justify your position.

5. Critique current available research data and identify further research needs and
efforts.

The paper will be evaluated for content including completeness of the discussion and analysis related to numbers 2-5 above. In addition, organization, grammatical construction, rhetoric, and appropriate use of references and resources will be considered in the total evaluation.

Length of Paper: Approximately seven to ten pages (quality, not quantity, is important); typed; double-spaced.

Grading of Paper:

Content 80%
Organization, Grammatical Construction, and Rhetoric 10%
References/Resources 10%

Citing of references can be completed using a journal format from your selected discipline. An alphabetical format is typically the easiest; just be consistent.

COURSE SCHEDULE

Day/Date Topic Faculty

Mon., Jan 26 Violence Prevention: Introduction. Findorff
Year 2010 Objectives.

Mon., Feb. 2 Violence Prevention: Overview: Gerberich
Historical perspective, interdisciplinary
approach; epidemiology of violence.

Mon., Feb. 9 Work-related violence: risk factors, McGovern
Characteristics, prevention.

Skills building exercise: Haddon’s matrix Findorff

Mon., Feb. 16 Child Abuse (physical, sexual, Swenson
and emotional abuse)

Mon., Feb. 23 A Global Perspective on the Prevention of Mercy
Violence

Mon., Mar. 1 Work-Related Violence Sanders
MIDTERM EXAM DISTRIBUTED

Mon., Mar. 8 Youth/Gang Violence Lubinski
MIDTERM EXAM DUE AT BEGINNING OF CLASS

Mon., Mar. 15 No class—SPRING BREAK

Mon., Mar. 22 Community Approaches/Programs; Kinde/Roessler
Prevention at Community and
Policy Levels

Mon., Mar 29 School Violence Wingert

Mon., Apr 5 Substance abuse and violence Jones-Webb

Mon. Apr. 12 Student presentations

Mon., Apr. 19 Student presentations
FINAL PAPER DUE.

Mon., Apr. 26 Domestic Violence Hadley

Mon., May 3 Wrap-up/ Course evaluation. Findorff
FINAL EXAMINATION DISTRIBUTED

FINAL EXAM DUE BY 12:30 P.M., TUESDAY, MAY 11, 2004. They may be turned into me in my office or left in the EOH office (1260 Mayo).

PRIMARY FACULTY:

Mary Findorff, Ph.D., M.P.H.
Division of Environmental and Occupational Health
School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
MMC 807, 420 Delaware St. S.E.
1160 Mayo Building
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
Telephone: 612-626-2842
Telefax: 612-626-0650
E-mail: find0003@umn.edu

GUEST FACULTY

Susan Goodwin Gerberich, Ph.D., M.S.P.H.
Professor and Director
Regional Injury Prevention Research Center and
Center for Violence Prevention and Control
Division of Environmental and Occupational Health
School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
MMC 807, 420 Delaware St. S.E.
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
Telephone: 612-625-5934
Telefax: 612-626-0650
E-mail: gerbe001@umn.edu

Susan Hadley, M.P.H.
Founder, WomanKind
Consultant
11208 Wyoming Curve
Minneapolis, MN 55438
Telephone: 612/447-8508
Telefax: 612/944-8787
Email: smchadley@aol.com

Rhonda Jones-Webb, Dr. P.H.
Associate Professor
Division of Epidemiology
School of Public Health
University of Minnesota
1300 South Second Street, Suite 300
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454
Telephone: 612/624-1818 or 626-8866
Telefax:
Email: jones@epivax.epi.umn.edu

Mark Kinde, MPH
Epidemiologist Supervisor
Injury and Violence Prevention Unit
Center for Health Promotion
Health Promotion and Chronic Disease
Minnesota Department of Health
E-mail: Mark.Kinde@health.state.mn.us

GUEST FACULTY (continued):

Sharon Lubinski, Deputy Chief
Minneapolis Police Department
350 South Fifth Street - Room 130
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415-1389
Telephone: 612/673-2853

Patricia McGovern, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Division of Environmental and Occupational Health
School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
MMC 807, 420 Delaware St. S.E.
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
Telephone: 612-625-7429
Telefax: 612-626-0650
E-mail: pmcg@umn.edu

James A. Mercy, Ph.D.
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
Centers for Disease Control
Atlanta, GA
Telephone: 770-488-4723
Telefax: 770-488-4221
E-mail: jam2@cdc.gov

Jon Roesler, MS
Epidemiologist Supervisor
Injury and Violence Prevention Unit
Center for Health Promotion
Health Promotion and Chronic Disease
Minnesota Department of Health
E-mail: Jon.Roesler@state.mn.us

Vikki L. Sanders
Sr. Safety Consultant
Workplace Safety Consultation
Minnesota Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Department of Labor and Industry
443 Lafayette Road N.
St. Paul, MN 55155-4317
Telephone: 651/282-6274
Telefax: 651/297-1953
Email:

Jane Swenson, CNP
Midwest Children’s Resource Center
Special Projects Coordinator
Telephone: 651-220-6703
Telefax: 651-220-6770

Deborah Wingert, Ph.D.
Associate Education Specialist
Center for Teaching and Learning Services
Room 120 Fraser Hall
106 Pleasant St SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455
Telephone: 612/625-3405
E-mail: winge007@umn.edu

Required Reading Schedule

Date Topic Required Reading
January 26, 2004 Overview none
February 2, 2004 Introduction to Violence Prevention Violence Prevention Overview
February 9, 2004 Work-related violence/Skills building Work-related Violence
February 16, 2004 Child abuse Child abuse
February 23, 2004 Global perspective on the prevention of violence WHO report on Violence (discussed in class)
Midterm covers above material
March 1, 2004 Work-related violence
March 8, 2004 Youth and gang violence Youth/gang violence
March 15, 2004 NO CLASS/Spring Break
March 22, 2004 Violence Prevention Programs
March 29, 2004 School violence School violence
April 5, 2004 Substance abuse and violence Substance abuse and violence
April 12, 2004 Student presentations
April 19, 2004 Student presentations
April 26, 2004 Domestic violence Domestic violence
May 3, 2004 Wrap-up/Course evaluation Firearm injury and death.
Violence prevention.

REQUIRED READINGS:

VIOLENCE PREVENTION: OVERVIEW (Due February 2, 2004)

The Science of Injury Prevention, Chapter 1 in Widome, M.D., Injury Prevention and Control for Children and Youth, Third Edition, Elk Grove Village, Illinois: American Academy of Pediatrics, pages 1-22, 1997.

Christoffel, Tom and Gallagher, Susan Scavo, Intentional Injury, in Injury Prevention and Public Health: Practical Knowledge, Skills, and Strategies, Gaithersburg, Maryland: Aspen Publishers, In., pages 89-118, 1999.

Edelman, Peter and Satcher, David. Violence prevention as a public health priority, Health Affairs, Winter, pp. 123-125, 1993.

Robertson, Leon S. Injury and the role of epidemiology. In Injury Epidemiology: Research and Control Strategies, 2nd edition. (pp. 1-22), New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 1998.

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (Due April 26, 2004)

Bensley, Lillian, Van Eenwyk, Juliet, and Simmons, Katrina Wynkoop. Childhood family violence history and women’s risk for intimate partner violence and poor health. Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25(1): 38-44, 2003.

Flitcraft, A.H., Hadley, S.M., Hendricks-Matthews, M.K., Mcleer, S.V., Warshaw, C., AMA diagnostic and treatment guidelines on domestic violence. Archives of Family Medicine, 1: 39-47, September 1992, Chicago: American Medical Association.

Hadley, S.M., Short, L.M., Lezin, N, Zook, E., WomanKind: An Innovative Model of Health Care Response to Domestic Abuse, Women's Health Issues, 5(4): 189-198, Winter, 1995.

Rodriguez, M., Bauer, H., McLoughlin, E., Grumbach, K. Screening and intervention for intimate partner abuse: practices and attitudes of primary care physicians. JAMA, 282(5): 468-474, August, 1999. Not in course packet—obtain online.*

Wilt, S., and Olson, S. Prevalence of domestic violence in the United States, Journal of the American Medical Women's Association. 51: 71-82, 1996.

CHILD ABUSE (PHYSICAL, SEXUAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL) AND NEGLECT (Due February 16, 2004)

Ales, B. Community collaboration. The nursing administrator's role in implementing a child abuse prevention program, Journal of Nursing Administration 28(6): 43-48, 1998.

Cheng, Tina L., Schwarz, Donald, Brenner, Ruth A., Wright, Joseph L., Fields, Cheryl B., O’Donnell, Regina, Rhee, Peter, and Scheidt, Peter. Adolescent assault injury: risk and protective factors and locations of contact for intervention, Pediatrics, 112(4): 931-938, 2003.

English, D.J. The extent and consequences of child maltreatment, Future Child. 8(1): 39-53, 1998.

Patterson. M.M. Child abuse: assessment and intervention, Orthopaedic Nursing. 17(1): 49-54, 1998.

Springer, Kristen W., Sheridan, J., Kuo, Daphne, and Carnes, Molly. The long-term health outcomes of childhood abuse, JGIM, 18: 864-870, 2003.

YOUTH/GANG VIOLENCE (Due March 8, 2004)

Brener, N., Simon, T., Krug, E., Lowry, R. Recent trends in violence-related behaviors among high school students in the United States. JAMA, 282(5): 440-446, August 1999. Not in course packet—obtain online.*

Kellerman, A.L., Fuqua-Whitley, D.S., Rivara, F.P., and Mercy, J. Preventing youth violence: what works?, In Fielding, J.E., Lave, L.B. and Starfield, B. Annual Review of Public Health, 19: 271-293, May, 1998.

Sheehan, Karen, DiCara, Joseph A., LeBailly, Susan, and Christoffel, Katherine Kaufer. Adapting the gang model: peer mentoring for violence prevention. Pediatrics, 104(1): 50-54, July 1999.

WORK-RELATED VIOLENCE (Due February 9, 2004; March 1, 2004)

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Violence in the Workplace: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Publication No. 96-100, July, 1996. (Not in course packet; Handout - provided)

Howard, J. State and local regulatory approaches to preventing workplace violence. Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews. 11(2): 293-301, 1996.

Klein, Patti J., Gerberich, Susan G., Gibson, Robert, W., Maldonado, G., Kruttschnitt, Candace, Larntz, Kinley, and Renier, Colleen. Risk factors for work-related violent victimization, Epidemiology. 8 (4): 408-413, 1997.

Loomis, Dana, Marshall, Stephen W., Wolf, Susanne H., Runyan, Carol W., and Butts, John D. Effectiveness of safety measures recommended for prevention of workplace homicide. JAMA, 287(8): 1011-1017, 2002.

SCHOOL VIOLENCE (Due March 29, 2004)

Kachur, S.P., Stennies, G.M., Powell, K.E., Modzeleski, W., Stephens, R., Murphy, R., Kresnow, M., Sleet, D., Lowry, R. School-associated violent deaths in the United States. 1992 to 1994, Journal of the American Medical Association. 275 (2): 1729-1733, 1996.

Nansel, Tonja R., Overpeck, Mary D., Haynie, Denise L., Ruan, W. June, and Scheidt, Peter C. Relationships between bullying and violence among U.S. youth. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 157: 348-353, 2003.

Violence in schools: Current status and prevention, Chapter 30, in Nader, P.R., School Health: Policy and Practice, Fifth Edition, Elk Grove Village, Illinois: American Academy of Pediatrics, pp. 363-381, 1993.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND VIOLENCE (Due April 5, 2004)

Jones-Webb, R., et al., Environmental predictors of drinking and drinking-related problems in young adults. Journal of Drug Education, 27(1):67-82, 1997.

Langeland, W. and Hartgers, C. Child sexual and physical abuse and alcoholism: a review, Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 59(3): 336-348, 1998.

Martin, S.E., and Bachman, R. The relationship of alcohol to injury in assault cases. Recent Develoments on Alcohol, 13:41-56, 1997.

FIREARM INJURY AND DEATH (Due May 3, 2004)

Karlson, T. and Hargarten, S. The scope of the problem, Chapter 1, in Reducing Firearm Injury and Death: A Public Health Sourcebook on Guns. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University, Press, 1997, pages 1-11.

Wintemute, G. The future of firearm violence prevention: building on success. JAMA, 282(5): 475-480, August 1999. Not in course packet—obtain online.*

VIOLENCE PREVENTION (Due May 3, 2004)

Cole, T., and Flanigan, A. What can we do about violence. JAMA, 282(5): 481-483, August
1999. Not in course packet—obtain online.*

Violence, Chapter 8 in Widome, M.D., Injury Prevention and Control for Children and Youth, Third Edition, Elk Grove Village., Illinois: American Academy of Pediatrics, pages 147-186, 1997.

* To obtain readings from JAMA not in course packet, go to http://jama.ama-assn.org/

Then use search box in upper right corner for

Rodriguez, Bauer, McLoughlin, Grumbach, August 1999
Brener, Simon, Krug, Lowry, August 1999
Wintemute, August 1999
Cole, Flanigan, August 1999
SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS/TEXTS:

VIOLENCE PREVENTION: OVERVIEW

Edelman, Peter and Satcher, David. Violence prevention as a public health priority, Health Affairs. Winter, pp. 123-125, 1993.

Hanrahan, P., Campbell, J., and Ulrich, Y., Theories of Violence, In Campbell, J., Nursing Care
of Survivors of Family Violence, St. Louis: MO, Mosby, 1993.

Karlson, T. and Hargarten, S. Reducing Firearm Injury and Death: A Public Health Sourcebook
on Guns. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1997.

Krug, Etienne G., Mercy, James A., Dahlberg, Linda L., and Zwi, Anthony B. The world report
on violence and health. The Lancet, 360, pp. 1083-1088, 2002.

Mercy, James A., Rosenberg, Mark L., Powell, Kenneth E., Broome, Claire V., Roper, William L. Public health policy for preventing violence, Health Affairs. Winter, pages 7-29, 1993.

Multiple Authors, Violence, Chapter 73, in Maxcy-Rosenau-Last, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Fourteenth Edition, Stamford, Connecticut: Appleton and Lange, 1998, pages, 1223-1260. (Includes sections by numerous authors on the problem of violence in the United States and globally, assaultive violence, woman battering, rape and sexual assault, child abuse, child sexual assault, elder abuse, and suicide.)

Rosenberg, M.L. and Fenley, M.A., Violence in America: A Public Health Approach, New York,
NY: Oxford University Press, 1991.

CHILD ABUSE (PHYSICAL, SEXUAL, AND EMOTIONAL) AND NEGLECT

Briere, J.N. Child Abuse Trauma: Theory and Treatment of the Lasting Effects. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1992.

Chiocca, E. Child abuse and neglect: (Part I) a status report, Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 13(2): 128-130, 1998.

Chiocca, E.M. The nurse's role in the prevention of child abuse and neglect: Part II. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 13(3): 194-195, 1998.

DePanfilis, Diane, Salus, Marsha K. Child Protective Services: A Guide for Caseworkers, The User Manual Series. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, National Center of Child Abuse and Neglect, 1992.

Faller, Kathleen C. Child Sexual Abuse: Intervention and Treatment Issues. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, National Center of Child Abuse and Neglect, 1993.

Gaudin, James M. Child Neglect: A Guide for Intervention, The User Manual Series. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, National Center of Child Abuse and Neglect, April, 1993.

Gentry, Charles E. Crisis Intervention in Child Abuse and Neglect, The User Manual Series. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, National Center of Child Abuse and Neglect, 1994.

Glod, C.A. Long-term consequences of childhood physical and sexual abuse, Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 7:163-173, 1993.

Greenfield, L.A., Child Victimizers: Violent Offenders and their Victims. NCJ 153258, U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics and Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, March, 1996.

Hall, L.A.; Sachs, B. and Rayens, M.K. Mothers' potential for child abuse: the roles of childhood abuse and social resources, Nursing Research. 47(2): 87-95, 1998.

Hampton, R.L. (Ed.). Violence in the Black Family: Correlates and Consequences. Lexington Books: Lexington, MA., 1987.

Hampton, R.L. (Ed.). Black Family Violence: Current Research and Theory. Lexington Books: Lexington, MA, 1991.

Langeland, W. and Hartgers, C. Child sexual and physical abuse and alcoholism: a review, Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 59(3): 336-348, 1998.

Levesque, R.J. Emotional maltreatment in adolescents' everyday lives: furthering sociolegal reforms and social service provisions. Behavioral Science Law. 16 (2): 237-263, 1998.

Long, T. Fighting child abuse from the dental office. CDS Rev. 89(3): 23-25, 1996.

Kent, A. and Waller, G. The impact of childhood emotional abuse: an extension of the child abuse and trauma scale, Child Abuse and Neglect. 22(5): 393-399, 1998.

Koralek, Derry. Caregivers of Young Children: Preventing and Responding to Child Maltreatment, The Use Manual Series. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, National Center of Child Abuse and Neglect, 1992.

Myers, J. E. Legal Issues in Child Abuse and Neglect. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1992.

Krugman, R.D., Chapter 21, Abuse. In: Nader, P.R., Committee on School Health, and American Academy of Pediatrics, School Health: Policy and Practice, fifth edition, Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 1993.

Olds, D.L., Eckenrode, J., Henderson, C.R., et al. Long term effects of home visitation on maternal course and child abuse and neglect, Journal of the American Medical Association. 278: 637-43, 1997.

Pence, Donna, Wilson, Charles. The Role of Law Enforcement in the Response to Child Abuse and Neglect. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, National Center of Child Abuse and Neglect, 1992.

Peterson, Marilyn Strachan, Urquiza, Anthony J. The Role of Mental Health Professionals in the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, The User Manual Series. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, National Center of Child Abuse and Neglect, 1993.

Roberts, R. When you suspect abuse: what next? Practitioner. 241(1575): 322-326, 1997.

Rushton, F.S. Jr., Let's focus on prevention, not treatment, of child abuse and neglect, Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association. 91(10): 440-441, October, 1995.

Stephens, D.L. Crossing the line from physical discipline to child abuse: how much is too much? Child Abuse and Neglect. 22 (1): 5-8, 1998.

Tower, Cynthia Crossen. The Role of Educators in the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, The User Manual Series. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, National Center of Child Abuse and Neglect, 1992.

Urquiza, Anthony J., Winn, Cynthia. Treatment for Abused and Neglected Children: Infancy to Age 18, The User Manual Series. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, National Center of Child Abuse and Neglect, 1993.

Wolfe D.A.; Wekerle, C. Reitzel-Jaffe, D. and Lefebvre, L. Factors associated with abusive relationships among maltreated and nonmaltreated youth, Developmental Psychopathology 10(1): 61-85, 1998.

Wolfner, G.D., and Gelles, R.J. A profile of violence toward children: a national study. Child
Abuse and Neglect, Vol. 17, pp. 197-212, 1993.

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Alpert, E.J., Cohen, S., Sege, R.D., Family violence: an overview, Academic Medicine. (1 Suppl); S3-S6, 1997.

Bachman, R. and Saltzman, L. Violence against women: estimate from the redesigned survey. National Crime Victimization Survey, NCJ-154348, U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, D.C., August, 1995.

Barnett, O., Miller-Perrin, C. L., Perrin, R., Family Violence Across the Lifespan. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997.

Brygger, M.P., Edleson, J.L., The Domestic Abuse Project: A Multi-systems intervention in woman battering, Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2, 324-336, 1987.

Buzawa, Eve S., and Buzawa, Carl G. Domestic Violence: The Criminal Justice Response. Thousand Oaks: CA, Sage, 1996

Edleson, J.L., Social workers' intervention in woman abuse: 1907-1945, Social Service Review. 65: 304-313, 1991.

Edleson, J.L., Coordinated community responses to woman battering. In M. Steinman (Ed.) Woman battering: Policy responses, pages 203-219. Cincinnati, Ohio: Anderson Press, 1991.

Edleson, J., Eisikovits, Z.C., Guttmann, E. and Sela-Amit, M., Cognitive and interpersonal factors in woman abuse, Journal of Family Violence. 6: 167-180, 1991.

Edleson, J. and Eiskovits, Zvi C. Future Interventions With Battered Women and Their Families. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996.

Edleson, J.L. with Frick, C. (1997). Evaluating Domestic Violence Programs. Minneapolis, MN: Domestic Abuse Project, Inc.

Edleson, J.L., and Tolman, R.M. Interventions for Men Who Batter. Thousand Oaks: CA, Sage, 1992.

Flitcraft A. H., Physicians and domestic violence: challenges for prevention, Health Affairs, 12 (4): 154-161, 1993.

Ganley, A.L., Improving the health care response to domestic violence: a trainer's manual for health care providers, The Family Violence Prevention Fund, 1998

Gelles, Richard J., Loseke, Donileen R. (Eds.). Current Controversies on Family Violence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1993.

Hadley, S.M., Family Abuse: Five Uncomplicated Ways Physicians Can Help, Minnesota Physician, November, 1998.

Malecha, A. Screening for and treating intimate partner violence in the workplace. AAOHN Journal, 51(7): 310-316, 2003.

McFarlane, J., Parker, B. Preventing abuse during pregnancy: an assessment and intervention protocol, Maternal and Child Health Nursing, 994: 19:321-324.

Peled, E. and Edleson, J.L. Multiple perspectives on groupwork with children of battered women, Violence and Victims. 7: 327-346, 1992.

Peled, E., Jaffe, P.G., Edleson, J.L. Ending the Cycle of Violence: Community Responses to Children of Battered Women. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1995.

Rose, S.D. and Edleson, J.L. Working with children and adolescents in groups. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1987.

Schechter, Susan, and Ganley, Anne L. Domestic Violence: A National Curriculum for Family Preservation Practitioners. San Francisco: The Family Violence Prevention Fund, pp. 7-34, 1995.

Schecter, S. and Edleson, J.L. In the best interest of women and children: A call for collaboration between child welfare and domestic violence constituencies, Protecting Children. 11 (3): 6-11, 1995.

Schornstein, Sherri, L. Domestic Violence and Health Care: What Every Professional Needs to Know. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997.

Sugg, N.K., Inui, T. Primary care physician's response to domestic violence: opening Pandora's box, Journal of the American Medical Association. 267: 3157-3160, 1992.

The Power and Control Wheel, Domestic Abuse Intervention Project, Duluth, Minnesota.

Warshaw, C., Ganley, A.L., Improving the health care response to domestic violence: a resource manual for health care providers, 2nd edition, The Family Violence Prevention Fund, San Francisco, CA, 1998.

WORK-RELATED VIOLENCE

Bachman, R., Violence and theft in the workplace. National Crime Victimization Survey, Crime Data Brief, NCJ-148199, U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, D.C., July, 1994.

Klaus, P.A., The costs of crime to victims, Crime Data Brief, NCJ-145865, U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, D.C., February, 1994.

Kraus, J.F. and David McArthur, M.P.H., Ph.D., Epidemiology of violent injury in the workplace, Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews. 11(2): 201-217, 1996.

LaMar, Wanda J., Gerberich, Susan G., Lohman, William H., Zaidman, Brian. Work-related physical assault, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 40(4): 317-324, 1998.

LeBlanc, M.M. and Kelloway, E.K. Predictors and outcomes of workplace violence and aggression. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3): 444-453, 2002.

YOUTH/GANG VIOLENCE

Children's Safety Network and Adolescent Violence Prevention Resource Center, Taking Action to Prevent Adolescent Violence: Educational Resource for Schools and Community Organizations, Education Development Center, Newton, MA, June, 1995

Posner, M. Youth Violence: Locating and Using Data. Education Development Center, Inc. Newton, MA, March, 1996.

MEN WHO BATTER

Edleson, J.L. and Sayers, M. The effects of group treatment for men who batter: An 18-month follow-up study, Research in Social Work Practice. 1: 227-243, 1991.

Edleson, J.L. and Tolman, R.M. Intervention for Men who Batter: An Ecological Approach. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1992.

Eisikovits, Z.C., Edleson, J.L., Guttman, E. and Sela-Amit, M. Cognitive styles and socialized attitudes of men who batter: Where should we intervene? Family Relations. 40: 72-77, 199?

Tolman, R.M., Edelson, J.L. Intervention for Men Who batter: A Review of Research. In S.R. Stith and M.A. Strauss (Eds.). Partner violence: Prevalence, causes, consequences and solutions. (pp. 262-273). Minneapolis, MN: National Council on Family Relations, 1995.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND VIOLENCE

Arbuckle, J. et al.. Safe at home. Domestic violence and other homicides among women in New Mexico. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 27: 210-215, 1996.

Clark, T. et al.. Prevalence of drugs and alcohol in autopsied homicide cases in St. John Parish, Louisiana. Journal of Louisiana State Medical Society, 148: 257-259, 1996.

Greenfield, L.A., Alcohol and crime: an analysis of national data on the prevalence of alcohol involvement in crime. Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, April, 1998.

Logan, B. et al. Drug and alcohol use in fatally injured drivers in Washington State. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 41: 505-510, 1996.

Mosenthal, A. et al. Fall: Epidemiology and strategies for prevention. Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 38: 753-756, 1995.

Vinson, D.C., Borges, G., and Cherpitel, C.J. The risk of intentional injury with acute and
chronic alcohol exposures: case-control and case-crossover study. Journal of Studies on
Alcohol, 64(3): 350-357, 2003.

SCHOOL VIOLENCE

Campbell, C. Schwarz, D.F. Prevalence and impact of exposure to interpersonal violence among suburban and urban middle school students. Pediatrics. 98 (3 Pt 1): 396-402, 1996.

Clinton, President William. President Clinton's Call to Action for American Education in the 21st Century. Safe, Disciplined and Drug-free Schools. U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C., February, 1997.

Krug, E.G., Brener, N.D. Dahlberg, L.L., Ryan, G.W., Powell. K.E. The impact of an elementary school-based violence prevention program on visits to the school nurse, American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 13 (6): 459-463, 1997.

Finkelhor, D., Asidigan, N., Dziuba-Leatherman, J. Victimization prevention programs for children: a follow-up, American Journal of Public Health. 85 (12): 1684-1689, 1995.

Mushinski, M. Violence in America's public schools, Statistical Bulletin. Metropolitan Insurance Company. 75 (2): 2-9, 1994.

Nolin, M.J., Davies, E. Chandler, K. Student victimization at school, Journal of School Health.
66 (6): 216-221, 1996.

Resnick, M.D., Bearman, P.S., Blum, R.W., Bauman, K.E., Harris, K.M., Jones, J., Tabor, J., Beuhring, T., Sieving, R.E., Shew, M., Ireland, M., Bearinger, L.H. Udry, J.R. Protecting adolescents from harm. Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health, Journal of the American Medical Association. 278 (10): 823-832, 997.

Schwartz, Wendy. An Overview of Strategies to Reduce School Violence. Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) Clearinghouse on Urban Education, New York, NY, October 1996.

Sheline, J.L., Skipper, B.J., Broadhead, W.E. Risk factors for violent behavior in elementary school boys: have you hugged your child today? American Journal of Public Health. 84 (4): 661-663, 1994.

Spellman, Nadel H., Alcarezz-Canino, T., Lausell-Bryant, L.L., Landsberg, G. The cycle of violence and victimization: A study of the school-based intervention of a multidisciplinary youth violence-prevention program, American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 12 (5 Suppl): 109-119, 1996.

Stephens, Ronald D. In Safe Schools: A Handbook for Violence Prevention. National Educational Service. Bloomington, IN, 1995.

FIREARM INJURY AND DEATH

Karlson, T. and Hargarten, S. Reducing Firearm Injury and Death: A Public Health Sourcebook on Guns. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1997.

Rand, M.R., Guns and Crime. Crime Data Brief, NCJ 147003, U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, D.C., April, 1994.

VIOLENCE PREVENTION

Burns, Elizabeth. Violence Prevention. In Violence Education: Toward a Solution, Marybeth Hendricks-Matthews (Ed.). In The Society of Teachers of Family Medicine, Kansas City, MS, April, 1992.

Reiss, Albert J., Roth, Jeffrey R.,Expanding the limits of Understanding and Control; and Recommendations. In Understanding and Preventing Violence. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1993.

Wolfe, David A., Wekerle, Christine, Scott, Katreena. Alternatives to Violence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996.

SEXUAL VIOLENCE

Allen, Stephen, Boulter, Suzanne, Bradshaw, Mary Ellen, Brown, Warren, Fite, Diana, Gans, Janet, Hogan, Teresita, Hulesch, William, Mulcahey, Kristie, Parrot, Andrea, Pfeiffer, Cynthia, Price, Winston, Simon, Toby, et. al. Strategies for the Treatment and Prevention of Sexual Assault, American Medical Association. Washington, D.C., 1995.

Von, Judith, Kilpatrick, Dean, Burgess, Ann, Hartman, Carol. Rape and Sexual Assault. In Violence in America: A Public Health Approach. Rosenberg, Mark, Fenley, Mary Ann, (Eds.) Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1991.

ELDER VIOLENCE

All, A. C. A Literature Review: Assessment and intervention in elder abuse, Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 20 (7): 25-32, 1994.

Allen, T.W. Elderly Abuse: The silent violation. JAOA 94 (2): 131-132.

Aravanis, S.C., Adelman, R.D. et al. Elder abuse, North Carolina Medical Journal. 54 (6): 271-274, 1993.-

Author unlisted. Elder abuse prevention: Information and Resource Guide, Richmond, CA: Elder Abuse Prevention, 1998.

Costa, Anthony. Elder abuse, In Violence Education: Toward a Solution. Marybeth Hendricks-Matthews (Ed.). The Society of Teachers of Family Medicine, Kansas City, MS, April, 1992.

Fagg, J. Detection of abuse, Nursing Times. 90 (37):66-68. 1994.

Falzon, A.L. and Davis, G.G. A 15-year retrospective review of homicide in the elderly, Journal of Forensic Science. Mar; 43 (2); 371-375, 1998.

Fite, D.L. Physicians must report elder abuse, Texas Medicine. 89 (6): 22-23, 1993.

Goldstein, M.Z. Maltreatment of elderly persons, Psychiatric Services. 46 (12): 1219-1225, 1995.

Greenberg, E.M., Violence and the older adult: the role of the acute care nurse practitioner, Critical Care Nursing Quarterly. 19 (2): 76-84, 1996.

Haugland, S. Elder Abuse, Iowa Medicine. 86 (1): 18-19, 1996.

Hazzard, W.R. Elder Abuse: Definitions and implications for medical education. Academic Medicine. 70 (11): 979-981, 1995.

Jogerst, G. Diagnosing and managing elder abuse, Iowa Medicine. 86 (1): 29-31, 1996.

Lynch, S.H., Elder abuse: what to look for, how to intervene. American Journal of Nursing. 97 (1): 26-32, 1997.

Jones, J.S. Elder abuse and neglect: Responding to a national problem. Annals of Emergency Medicine 23 (4): 845-848, 1994.

Jones, J.S., Holstege, C., and Holstege, H. Elder abuse and neglect: understanding the causes and potential risk factors, American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 15 (6): 579-583, 1997.

Jones, J.S., Veenstra, T.R., Seamon, J.P., and Krohmer, J. Elder mistreatment: national survey of emergency physicians, Annals of Emergency Medicine. 30 (4): 473-479, 1997.

Jorgensen, J.E. A dentist's social responsibility to diagnose elder abuse, Special Care in Dentistry. 12 (3): 112-115, 1992.

Kleinschmidt, K.C. Elder abuse: a review. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 30 (4): 463-472, 1997.

Lachs, M.S., Williams, C., O'Brien, S., Hurst, L., Horwitz, R. Risk factors for reported elder
abuse and neglect: a nine-year observational cohort study. Gerontologist, 37 (4): 469-474, 1997.

Lachs, M. S., Williams, C. et al. Older adults: an 11-year longitudinal study of adult protective service use, Archives of Internal Medicine. 156 (4): 449-453, 1996.

Lachs, M.S., Williams, C., O'Brien, S., Hurst, L., and Horwitz, R. Risk factors for reported elder abuse and neglect: a nine-year observational cohort study, Gerontologist. 37 (4); 469-474, 1997.

O'Brien, M.E. Elder abuse: how to spot it--how to help, North Carolina Medical Journal. 55 (9): 409-411, 1994.

Paris. B. E., Meier, D.E. et al. Elder abuse and neglect: how to recognize warning signs and intervene, Geriatrics. 50 (4): 47-51, 1995.

Reis, M. and Nahmiash, D. When seniors are abused: an intervention model. The Gerontologist 35 (5): 666-671, 1995.

Rosenblatt, D.E. Cho, K.H., et al. Reporting mistreatment of older adults: the role of physicians, Journal of the American Geriatric Society. 44 (1): 65-70, 1996.

Thobaben, M. Elder abuse and neglect, Home Care Provider. 1 (5): 267-269, 1996.

Williams-Burgess, C. and Kimball, M.J. The neglected elder: a family systems approach, Journal of Psychosocial Nursing. 30 (10): 21-25, 1992.

Williams, G. Elder abuse reporting and ethical dilemmas, Iowa Medicine. 86 (1): 20-22, 1996.

Wolf, R.S. and Pillemer, K. What's new in elder abuse programming? Four bright ideas. The Gerontologist 34 (1): 126-129, 1994.

SUICIDE

Bell, C.C., Clark, D.C. Adolescent suicide, Pediatric Clinic of North America. 45 (2): 365-380, 1998

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Programs for the prevention of suicide among adolescents and young adults; and suicide contagion and the reporting of suicide: recommendations from a national workshop. MMWR, 43 (No. RR-6), 1994.

Centers for Disease Control, Regional Variations in Suicide Rates-United States, 1990-1994, MMWR, 46: 789-793, 1997.

Chance, S.E., Kaslow, N.J. , Summerville, M.B., Wood, K. Suicidal behavior in African American individuals: current status and future directions, Cult Divers Mental Health. 4 (1): 19-37, 1998.

Cohen, D., Llorents, M., Eisdorfer, C. Homicide-suicide in older persons, American Journal of Psychiatry. 155 (3): 390-396, 1998.

Gould, M.S., Shaffer, D., Fisher, P. and Garfinkel, R. Separation/divorce and child and adolescent completed suicide, Journal of American Academy Child Adolescent Psychiatry. 37 (2): 155-162, 1998.

Kachur, S.P., Potter, K.P., James, S.P., Powell, K.E., Suicide in the United States, 1980-1992. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 1995. Violence Surveillance Summary, No. 1.

Kondrichin, S.V. Comparison of suicide and homicide rates, Journal of Trauma. 44 (2): 419, 1998.

Molnar, B.E., Shade, S.B., Kral, A.H., Booth, R.E., and Watters, J.K. Suicidal behavior and sexual/physical abuse among street youth. Child Abuse and Neglect. 22 (3): 213-222, 1998.

O'Carroll, Patrick W., Rosenberg, Mark L., Mercy, James A. Suicide, In Violence in America: A Public Health Approach. Rosenberg, Mark, Fenley, Mary Ann, (Eds.) Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1991.

Potter, L.B., Powell, K.P., and Kachur, S.P. Suicide prevention from a public health perspective. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 25 (1): 82-91, 1995.

Safer, D.J. Self-reported suicide attempts by adolescents, Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 9 (4): 263-269, 1997.